Puzzle: Pig Latin Word

• If the word begins with vowels (a,e,i,o,u), add "way" to the endo of the word. So "air" => "airway", "eat" => "eatway"
• If the word is not vowel

python => ythonpay (move first to last and add "ay")
computer => omputercay

• Write a function in python that takes string (word) as input and returns the word in pig latin (pig_latin_word)
• Write a function in python that takes a sentence and treturns the sentence in pig latin (pig_latin_sentence)

Functions in Python

• We can do two things with a function
  1. Define it, with zero or more parameters
  2. Call it, get zero or more results
• python function syntax

def <function_name>():
   pass

• Very Simple functions

def hello_world_function():
    """
    This function is just to demonstrate function syntax
    """
    # pass represents code block is not implemented
    pass


def say_hello():
    """
    This function demonstrates a function with zero parameters
    """
    print("hello")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    hello_world_function()
    say_hello()

• Functions can return values

def agree():
    """
    This function represents agreement
    :return: True
    """
    return True


def disagree():
    """
    This function represents disagreement
    :return:
    """
    return False


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if agree():
        print("awsome")

• Lets add function with arguments

def echo(message):
    """
    This function will print the message
    :param message: messsage to be printed
    """
    print(message)


def describe_traffic_signal(color):
    """
    This functions returns textual meaning of traffic signals
    :param color: color of the traffic signal
    :return: message to be displayed and None for wrong color passed
    usage is
    message = describe_traffic_signal('red')
    if message:
         print(message)
    """
    if color == 'red':
        return "stop"
    elif color == "green":
        return "proceed"
    elif color == "orange":
        return "prepare to stop"
    else:
        return None

• None is useful in functions

def whatis(thing):
    if thing or (thing == False):
        print("Its not none")
        print(f"Thing has some value: {thing}")
    else:
        print("None is passed")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    whatis('hello')
    whatis(1)
    whatis(True)
    whatis(false)

Positional Arguments and KeyWord Arguments in Python Functions

• See the sample below

def menu(starter, main_course, dessert):
    """
    This function prints the menu
    :param starter:
    :param main_course:
    :param dessert:
    :return: menu to the printed on screen
    """
    return {'starter': starter, 'main course': main_course, 'dessert': dessert}


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # positional arguments
    today_menu = menu('chilli manchurian', 'biryani', 'cake')
    print(today_menu)
    # Keyword arguments
    tomorrow_menu = menu(dessert='icecream', starter='french fries', main_course='Veg Thali')
    print(tomorrow_menu)

Specifying default values

• See the sample below

def menu(starter='chicken 65', main_course='biryani', dessert='cake'):
    """
    This function prints the menu
    :param starter:
    :param main_course:
    :param dessert:
    :return: menu to the printed on screen
    """
    return {'starter': starter, 'main course': main_course, 'dessert': dessert}


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # positional arguments
    today_menu = menu('chilli manchurian', 'biryani', 'cake')
    print(today_menu)
    # Keyword arguments
    tomorrow_menu = menu(dessert='icecream', starter='french fries', main_course='Veg Thali')
    print(tomorrow_menu)
    # default
    print(menu())

• *args in python:

def multiple_args(args=[]):
    """
    Passing a list to the function
    :param args:
    :return:
    """
    for arg in args:
        print(arg)


def variable_arguments(*args):
    """
    This function supports passing multiple arguments
    :param args: arguments
    :return:
    """
    print(args)
    print(f"the type of args is {type(args)}")


def add(*args):
    """
    This method will add the arguments
    :param args: arguments
    :return: sum of arguments
    """
    result = 0
    for arg in args:
        result += arg
    return result


def join_string(symbol, *args):
    """
    This method will join the string with the args passed
    :param symbol: symbol to be used
    :param args: arguments
    :return:
    """
    result = symbol.join(args)
    return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # multiple_args(['red', 'blue', 'green'])
    print(join_string("  ", 'hello', 'how are you'))
    print(add(1))
    print(add(1, 2))
    print(add(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9))

• Keyword Arguments

def print_kwargs(**kwargs):
    print('Keyword arguments: ', kwargs)
    print(f'Type of Keyword arguments {type(kwargs)}')
    

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print_kwargs()
    print_kwargs(course='python', trainer='khaja', institute='Quality Thought')

• Argument order in functions

  • Required arguments
  • Optional positional arguments (*args)
  • Optional keyword argument (**kwargs)

• Code is located at here