A closure is a dynamically generated by other function and can both change & remember the values of variables that were created outside the functions
def Prettify(message):
"""
This method will capitalize the string
:return:
"""
def cap_message():
return message.capitalize()
return cap_message
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(Prettify(input("Enter the message"))())
The same code is refactored as
def prettify(msg):
"""
This method will capitalize the string
:return:
"""
def cap_message():
return msg.capitalize()
return cap_message
if __name__ == "__main__":
message = input("Enter the message")
prettify_func = prettify(message)
print(prettify_func())
Anonymous functions: lambda
A python lambda function is an anonymous function that is expressed in a single statement
def decorate_word(word):
"""
We decorate the word by capitalizing and adding ! at the end
:param word: word to be decorated
:return: <Word!>
"""
return f"{word.capitalize()}!"
def rename_heros(superheros):
"""
:param superheros:
:return:
"""
for superhero in superheros:
my_func = lambda hero: f"{hero.capitalize()}!"
print(my_func(superhero))
if __name__ == "__main__":
rename_heros(['ironman', 'thor', 'hulk'])
Sample2
def square(x):
return lambda: x * x
lamda_list = [square(number) for number in range(1, 10)]
for lambda_function in lamda_list:
print(lambda_function())
Generators in Python
A function with a yield statement is referred as generator
def generate_traffic_signals():
signal = 1
print(f"returning red with signal value {signal}")
yield signal
signal += 1
print(f"returning green with signal value {signal}")
yield signal
signal += 1
print(f"returning orange with signal value {signal}")
yield signal
if __name__ == "__main__":
for signal in generate_traffic_signals():
print(signal)
Ways of writing better python code (Contd..)
Know which version of python you are using
python --version
# in some linux distributions
python --version
# python code
import sys
print(sys.version)
print(sys.version_info)
Follow PEP-8 STYLE GUIDE: Since we are using pycharm try to fix all the issues shown by pycharm
Prefer interpolated f-strings over c-style format strings.
